Author Guidelines

Executive Overview

By submitting an article to LEX ETHICA: Journal of Legal Ethics and Contemporary Analysis, the author(s) declares that the manuscript has not been previously published, in whole or in part, except as an abstract, as part of a published presentation, or as part of an academic assignment such as a thesis or dissertation. The author(s) also confirms that the manuscript is not currently under review for publication in any other journal or media.
Submission of the manuscript indicates that all authors have approved the content and submission of the article and have obtained explicit or implicit approval from the relevant authorities at the institution where the research was conducted.
Copyright for the article remains with the author(s). However, the author(s) grants this journal the right of first publication under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. This license allows others to share the work provided they properly attribute the author(s) and the journal as the first publisher and do not use it for commercial purposes. The journal and publisher are not responsible for any further use of the work by third parties.
All manuscripts will be checked for plagiarism using Turnitin before being submitted to peer review. Manuscripts must be written using the specified template, prepared in Microsoft Word format, and submitted online through our journal management system.
The editors reserve the right to edit accepted manuscripts. However, final manuscripts will not be published without the author's approval, with proof of approval sent prior to publication. If you have further questions, please contact the editorial board by email: admin@journal.cakrawalahukum.id. (Click here to download the paper template).

Manuscript Submission Policies and Procedures
Before submitting your manuscript for consideration in the LEX ETHICA: Journal of Legal Ethics and Contemporary Analysis, please ensure you understand and agree to the following policies and procedures:

1.  Manuscript Submission Confirmation

After your manuscript is submitted, the editor will send you a confirmation email within 1–3 business days. If you do not receive a confirmation within this timeframe, your email may not have been received by our system. Please contact the editor to check the submission status.

2.  Peer Review Process

This journal uses a double-blind peer review system, where the identities of authors and reviewers are kept confidential. Each manuscript will be reviewed by a minimum of two reviewers: one from the editorial team and at least one external reviewer. This process is estimated to take between 12 and 16 weeks.

3.  Review Result Notification

The results of the review process will be communicated to the author via the official editorial email.

4.  Revisions and Publication Fees

If the manuscript is accepted, the author will be asked to make revisions based on the reviewers' input and pay the applicable publication fees.

5.  Print Availability

Corresponding authors will receive one free print copy of the journal upon publication. To request additional copies, please contact the editor before placing an order.

6.  Free PDF Access

PDF versions of published articles are available for free download through the journal's official website.

General Manuscript Writing Requirements

1.  Language of Writing

Manuscripts must be written in good and correct Indonesian or English. Authors are permitted to use American or British English, but a mixture of both is not permitted in a single manuscript.

2.   Manuscript Length

The recommended word count for each manuscript is between 5,000 and 7,000 words, excluding bibliographies, footnotes, and appendices.

3.  Title Page and Author Anonymity

To maintain the integrity of the peer review process, authors must ensure that their identities are not included in the submitted main manuscript.

When uploading a manuscript, please upload the document in two separate files:
·  Main manuscript (without author identification) – for review by reviewers.
·  Title page (containing author names, affiliations, and contact information) – for review by the editor only. 

Manuscript Title
The title should be concise, clear, and informative. Titles play a crucial role in information retrieval and should be no longer than 10 to 15 words. Avoid abbreviations, unfamiliar terms, or irrelevant words. If the manuscript uses a subtitle, it should be italicized and placed directly below the main title in a centered format.

Author Names and Affiliations

1.  Name Format

Author names should be written using the following format: first name, middle initial (if applicable), and last name. This format helps minimize the risk of misidentification. To maintain consistency and facilitate academic research, it is recommended to use the same name format across all publications throughout your career. For example, avoid using the full name in one article and only the initials in another.

Difficulty identifying whether Juanita A. Smith is the same person as J. R. Mark, J. Mark, or R. Mark can create ambiguity, especially in citations spread over a long period of time and involving multiple institutions.

Do not include academic or professional titles (e.g., Dr., Prof., Ph.D., Ed.D., etc.) in the name section.

For names with suffixes (such as Jr., II, III), separate the suffix from the preceding name with a space, not a comma.

2.  Institutional Affiliation

Author affiliation reflects the institution where the author was at the time the research was conducted. Affiliation generally refers to a university, research institute, or other relevant institution.

Authors may list a maximum of two affiliations, and only if both institutions made substantial contributions to the research. If the author is not affiliated with any institution, please list the city and country of residence.

Author names should be listed in order of their respective contributions to the research and centered on the title page.

3.  Corresponding Author

Please provide the full email address and mailing address for the corresponding author only, for communication purposes and further inquiries regarding the manuscript.

Example:
Emily R. Whitaker¹, Karim A. El-Masri¹, ², Sophie L. Dubois¹ & Hiroshi Tanaka²
¹ Department of Sociology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
² Faculty of Social Sciences, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
Correspondence: Karim A. El-Masri, Department of Sociology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia, 3010. Tel: +61-3-8123-4567. Email: kelmasri@unimelb.edu.au

Manuscript Structure
Manuscripts should be structured in the following order: Title; Abstract; Keywords (3 to 6 relevant terms for indexing); The structure of this journal follows the standard Scientific Research Report (IMRaD) format, which is divided into four main sections: Introduction, Methods, Results, and Discussion. The Discussion section should include a title for each problem statement, along with conclusions and recommendations (if any).

General Rules for Text
Please use the following rules for the entire text, including abstract, keywords, headings, and references.

  • Font: Tahoma; Size: 12
  • Paragraph Spacing: Above paragraph — 0 pt.; below paragraph — 6
  • Line Spacing: fixed, 12 pt.
  • Heading 1: Tahoma; 12; Bold; for example, First-level Heading
  • Heading 2: Tahoma; 12; Bold; for example, 1. Second-level Heading
  • Heading 3: Tahoma; 11; for example, 1.1 Third-level Heading

Abstract
The abstract should concisely state the following elements: background, research objectives, methods (briefly), main findings (discussion), and conclusions. Abstracts should be written in Indonesian and English, each in one paragraph, with a length of between 200 and 250 words.
Abstracts should be written in 10-point Tahoma font and adhere to proper grammar rules. For Indonesian-language manuscripts, the English abstract should be written first, followed by the Indonesian abstract. Conversely, for English-language manuscripts, the Indonesian abstract should be presented first.
Each abstract should include 3 to 6 keywords, reflecting the essence and scope of the manuscript, for indexing purposes.

Keywords
Immediately after the abstract, list 3 to 6 keywords relevant to the content of the manuscript. Keywords should be arranged alphabetically and separated by commas. Avoid using overly general terms, plurals, or phrases with multiple concepts (e.g., "and," "of"). If using abbreviations, ensure only those that are common and commonly used in the relevant scientific field are included. Selecting the right keywords will improve the accessibility and visibility of your article in various databases and scientific indexing systems.

Article Subsections
The article should be divided into several clear main sections, each numbered sequentially (e.g., 1, 2, 3, etc.). If necessary, each section can be further divided into subsections, which are also numbered sequentially using the decimal system (e.g., 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, etc.). Note that the abstract is not included in this numbering system. Use this numbering system for internal cross-referencing purposes within the manuscript. Avoid using non-specific references such as "in the text." Ideally, each subsection should not exceed 600-700 words. Authors are encouraged to convey information concisely, concisely, and clearly, without sacrificing the depth or accuracy of the content.

Tables
Tables should be numbered consecutively in the order they appear in the text (e.g., Table 1, Table 2, and so on).
The table title is placed above the table body, while any additional captions or notes are placed below the table.
Tables should be used selectively and relevantly, presenting data that reinforces the content of the article. Avoid repeating information that has already been explained narratively in the main text. Ensure each table is easy to read, sufficiently explained, and can stand alone without requiring additional interpretation by the reader. 

Figures and Diagrams
Each figure or diagram should be numbered sequentially in the order it appears in the text (e.g., Figure 1, Figure 2, and so on).
The figure title and description should be placed below the figure or diagram. Figures and diagrams should be presented at a minimum resolution of 300 DPI to ensure adequate visual quality in both print and digital versions. Authors are permitted to adjust the size of figures or diagrams to fit the page layout, as long as this does not detract from the readability and clarity of the information conveyed.
Figure Writing Example:
Figure 1. This is an example figure. The schematic follows the same naming and placement format.
Important Note: Avoid using abbreviations when referring to tables, figures, or equations, either in captions or in running text. For example, use "Table 1" instead of "Tab 1," "Figure 2" instead of "Figr 2," and "Equation 3" instead of "Equ 3." Do not use nonspecific references such as "table above," "figure below," or "figure on page 32," as the final position and page number of these elements will be determined only in the final drafting stage of the document.

References
Cite works that directly contribute to the development of the ideas, theories, or findings in your article. References can be used to provide relevant background, support or critique arguments, and provide definitions or important data.Citing a source in the reference list implies that the author has read the work directly and thoroughly understands its contents. Besides acknowledging the scholarly contributions of others, references also serve as documentary evidence for any facts, figures, or statements that are not common knowledge.
This journal follows the APA 7th edition citation style. Therefore:

  • Every source cited in the text must be included in the reference list, and conversely, all listed references must be cited in the text.
  • Exceptions apply to certain types of sources, such as classical works (e.g., the Bible, the Quran) and personal communications (letters, interviews, emails), which are cited only in the text and not in the reference list.
  • In meta-analyses, include in-text citations only for works directly discussed in the article.

Make sure all references are written in a format, punctuation, and structure that conforms to the provisions of the APA 7th edition.

Formatting In-Text Citations
Basic Format:
Cite the author's last name and the year of publication in parentheses. For example: (Mendoza, 2021).
Unpublished or Informally Published Works:
Cite the year the work was produced. If the article is accepted but not yet published, use "in press."
Work by Two Authors:
Include both names every time you cite the work, using "and" or "&". Example: Schneider and Malik (2018) or (Schneider & Malik, 2018).
Work by Three or More Authors:
List all authors the first time, then use "et al." in subsequent citations.
First citation: (Okoro, Tanaka, Gomez, Hwang, & El-Sayed, 2016);
Subsequent citations: (Okoro et al., 2016).
Six or More Authors:
Always use "et al." after the first author’s name, regardless of the number of citations.
Example: Alexander et al. (2015).
Authors with the Same Last Name:
Use initials to avoid confusion, even if the years of publication differ.
Example: (A. Becker, 2019; M. Becker, 2017).
Unknown Author:
Cite the work by its title in the signal phrase or use the first few words in parentheses. Titles of books and reports are italicized; titles of articles, chapters, and web pages are in quotation marks.
Organization as an Author:
Mention the organization's full name, followed by the year. For well-known abbreviations, include the abbreviation in the first citation:
First citation: (International Research Council [IRC], 2022),
Subsequent citations: (IRC, 2022).
Note:
Classical works and personal communications are cited in-text only and are not included in the bibliography.
For classical works, use standard section numbering (e.g., chapter, verse, or other commonly used section) instead of page numbers.
For personal communications, include the initials and last name of the communicator, as well as the full date of the communication. Example: (R. T. Hargrave, personal communication, March 12, 2023).

Citing and Citing Web References
Every reference sourced from the web must include the full URL clearly and readily accessible. If available, also include additional information such as the author's name, the date of publication or update, and the source or publication from which the content originated.
Web references can be inserted directly into the main reference list, orif desiredthey can be separated and listed separately under a specific heading such as "Online Sources" or "Web References," after the main reference list. Ensure that all links are active, valid, and point to relevant, scientifically sound sources.

Bibliography
Please follow these guidelines when creating a bibliography according to APA 7th edition style:

1.  Writing Format

  • Use a hanging indent of two spaces/tabs for each entry.
  • Invert the author's surname, i.e., the last name followed by the first initial (e.g., Smith, J. A.).
  • If the work has three to seven authors, list all authors' names.
  • If the work has more than seven authors, list the first six names, then add an ellipsis (...), and end with the last author's name.
  • Use the "&" symbol to connect the last author's names within a single entry, not the word "and."

2.  Writing Order

  • Arrange all entries in the bibliography alphabetically by the last name of the first author.
  • If you cite more than one work by the same author, order them by year of publication, starting with the oldest and ending with the most recent.
  • for multiple works by the same author with identical name order, continue with year of publication.

3.  Writing Titles

  • for journal titles, capitalize each main word in the title (title case).
  • for non-journal works (such as books, articles, or web pages), capitalize only:
  • the first word of the title,
  • the first word after a colon or hyphen,
  • and proper nouns.
  • Avoid capitalizing the second word in hyphenated compounds, unless it is a proper noun.

Manuscript Preparation Checklist
Before submitting your manuscript, please ensure that all of the following requirements have been met:

1.  Originality of the Manuscript

The manuscript has not been previously published and is not currently under review by another journal. If there are any exceptions, please provide an explanation in the Comments to the Editor section.

2.  File Format

The manuscript should be saved in OpenOffice, Microsoft Word (.doc/.docx), or Rich Text Format (RTF).

3.  Layout and Writing

o Use single spacing.

o 12-point font size.

o Use italics for emphasis, not underlining (except for URL addresses).

o All illustrations, figures, and tables should be inserted within the relevant text, not placed at the end of the manuscript.

4.  Appropriate Writing Style

The manuscript has been prepared in accordance with the style, format, and citation system outlined in the Author Guidelines.

5.  Completeness of References

Where available, DOIs and/or URLs have been included for each reference.

6.  Publication Fee

Authors agree to pay a publication fee of Rp350,000 (for Indonesian-language manuscripts) or Rp1,500,000 (for English-language manuscripts) upon acceptance of the manuscript, to support open access and maintain publication quality.

Copyright Notice
This open-access article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, with the following conditions:

  • Copyright remains with the author (s). The author (s) grants the journal right of first publication for the work published and licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International license, which permits others to copy, distribute, and adapt the work, provided they acknowledge authorship and initial publication in this journal, for non-commercial purposes.
  • Authors are permitted to enter into separate contractual arrangements to distribute the journal's published version of the work on a non-exclusive basis (e.g., uploading to an institutional repository or publishing in book form), provided they acknowledge that the work was first published in this journal.
  • Authors are encouraged to post early versions of their work online (e.g., on an institutional repository or a personal website) before and during the submission process. This practice can foster more productive scholarly exchange and increase the work's visibility and citation frequency after publication. (See: The Effect of Open Access).

Read more about the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
No additional restrictions You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.